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NOP



Brief Introduction
         Standard Inspection Program


Brief Introduction to Requirements of the National Organic Porgram of the USDA ( NOP Final Rule)


1.
      

What is NOP?

The National Organic Program (NOP) is part of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). After sev­eral years of discussions between organic market stakeholders, the NOP Final Rule came into force in 2002. The complete standard can be downloaded from www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexIE.htm (please be aware that most of the more than 500 pages contained in this document are made up by a summary of comments and discussions. The proper standard starts from page 344!).


2.       Who needs to be NOP certified?

Any grower or handler, who wants to sell organic products on the US market, must be certified according to NOP by a USDA accredited certifier. Also your suppliers of organic ingredients must be NOP certified. The only exceptions are:

     Smallholders with less than 5,000 USD annual turnover from organic sales, who do sell their products directly to the consumer

     Retailers

     Operations, which handle agricultural products containing less than 70% of organic ingredients, or only identify some organic ingredients on the information panel. Products from these companies cannot be used as organic ingredients in NOP certified processed food.

     Operations, which only handle packaged organic food (§ 205.101).
 

3.       Some general issues, which distinguish NOP from the EU Regulation on organic farming, and from other organic standards

     NOP gives high priority to the organic farm's or company's own responsibility: In an organic management plan (called by NOP "organic production and handling system plan") the operator describes and defines procedures to assure the organic integrity (§ 205.201). As a first step the certifier checks, whether these procedures are compliant with NOP, and whether they are really implemented. CERES has adopted this same approach also for EU and JAS certification.

     The term "conversion" or "transition" does not exist in NOP. Farm management prior to organic certification is treated under "Land requirements" (§ 205.202). Land to be certified according to NOP must be managed according to the standard, and must not have received prohibited substances during 3 years before the first organic harvest. Conversion period needs not to be super­vised by a certifier (see also our "Brief Information Crops").

     NOP is very strict concerning treatment of animal manure (§ 205.203). Manure must be subject to composting at high temperature during at least 2 weeks, during which the material must be turned a minimum of five times. Raw manure may be applied only 4 months before harvest (in case there is a possible contact with the edible part of the plant), or 3 months (if there is no contact risk with the edible part).

     NOP requires "buffer zones" between organic and conventional fields, whenever there is a risk of contact with prohibited substances (pesticides, fertilisers) (§ 205.202). CERES, however, applies this rule also for EU certification (see our "Policy on Buffer Zones").

      Rules for organic livestock production (§ 205.236 through 205.239) are strict, allowing only organic feed, and restricting purchase of conventional animals. After allopathic veterinary treat­ments, animals have to undergo the complete conversion period. On the other side, rules for livestock housing and living conditions are much less detailed than, e.g., in the EU Regulation (see also our "Brief Information Animals").

     Labelling requirements for multi-ingredient food products are somehow different from the EU Regulation and JAS. On the one hand, there is a "100% organic" category. On the other hand, even on products with less than 70% organic ingredients, reference can be made to "organic" for single ingredients on the information panel (§ 205.300 through 205.305, see below N° 4, and also our "Brief Information Processing").

     Use of inputs, additives, aids, and ingredients is regulated by "The National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances", for crop and livestock production, handling and storage (§ 205.600 through 205.606). The general rationale behind the National List is:

o     Nonsynthetic substances are allowed, unless they are prohibited

o     Synthetic substances are prohibited, unless they are explicitly allowed.

     Special attention has to be drawn to the fact that all inert ingredients have to be qualified as “Inerts of minimal concern” according to the list no.4 of the US-Environmental Protection Agency (see the list under: http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts/inerts_list4.pdf).

 

4.       Labelling requirements


100% organic

Organic

Made with organic

< 70% of organic ingredients

Packaged retail products (§ 205.303 through 205.305)

Eintrag

Eintrag

Eintrag

Only organic agricultural in­gredients, only organic additives and processing aids

Minimum 95% of organic agricultural ingredients; rest only according to Na­tional List;

Minimum 70% of organic agricul­tural ingredients; not more than 3 organic ingredients; no use of USDA seal

Reference to organic only in ingredient statement; no use of USDA seal or certifier's logo

non-organic ingredients without use of excluded methods or substances;

each organic ingredient must be identified; statements about the organic ingredients or its percentages are limited in size, type stile and colour

Product name may be modified with "100% organic" or "organic"

"Made with organic" may be mentioned in information panel, without modifying the product name

"Organic" not men­tioned in information panel

Livestock feed (§ 205.306)

As above

As above

Impossible for livestock feed

Nonretail containers for shipping or storing raw or processed organic products (§ 205.307)

As above

As above

As above

Impossible

Must display a lot number, if applicable

Non-packaged retail products (§ 205.308, 205.309)

As above

As above

As above

Impossible

Produced by an exempt operation (especially smallholders, see above, § 205.310)

May only be labelled as "organic", not as "certified organic". No use of USDA seal or certifier's logo. Can be used in own multi-ingredient products, not sold to other processors.


     Beside the information identifying the operator himself and other information required by general labeling regulations the label must contain the certifiers name (“Certified organic by: CERES GmbH”).

     The certifier's logo may not be larger in size than the USDA seal.

     When using the USDA seal, details described in § 205.311 must be re­spected.

     Use of the USDA seal is voluntary!


 
5.       Certification procedure

     After receiving your application, we send you an offer for the cost of certification, together with re­levant information about NOP, CERES policies and procedures. Upon acceptance of our offer, you sign a contract and transfer 50% of the quoted amount.

     CERES submits the template for your organic management plan (OMP). If necessary, our staff assists you in working out the OMP.

     Upon acceptance of the OMP, we schedule an on-site inspection. The CERES inspector verifies, whether the OMP is consistent with on-site observations. It is very important, that the responsible persons are present during this inspection. In some cases, the inspector will take samples (plant tissue, soil, fertilizers etc.) (see our policy "Sampling Frequency"). You will be given a receipt for the samples taken.

     As soon as the inspector finishes the inspection report, you get a copy, by e-mail, fax or mail. You will be provided with a copy of sample test results, as soon as they arrive from the laboratory.

     In many cases, you will have to implement certain corrective actions, or submit additional docu­mentation, before we can issue the certificate. Besides, we will submit you the final invoice, asking you to pay the remaining 50% of our quote, plus travelling costs for the inspector.

     Once your operation complies with the standard, you get your NOP certificate. Certificates are valid until being suspended or revoked.

     Please be informed, that you can withdraw your application at any time. You will be liable for the costs of services provided up to the moment of withdrawal (§ 205.402 c).

     The OMP has to be updated annually. At least one on-site inspection has to take place per year. The procedure for these follow-up inspections is the same as described above. Additional inspec­tions may be performed, including unannounced visits. 

 

6.       Eligibility, penalties (§205.662)

Eligibility: Please be informed that any operator whose certification has been suspended by CERES may submit a request to the USDA-NOP Secretary for reinstatement of its certification. The request must be accompanied by evidence demonstrating correction of each non-compliance and corrective actions taken to comply with the National Organic Program.

According to §205.662 a certified operation or a person responsibly connected with an operation whose certification has been revoked will be ineligible to receive certification for a period of 5 years following the date of such revocation, except, that, the NOP-Secretary may reduce or eliminate the pe­riod of ineligibility.

Penalties: In addition to suspension or revocation, any certified operation that:

(1) Knowingly sells or labels a product as organic, which is not in accordance with the NOP require­ments, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per violation.

(2) Makes a false statement under the Act to the Secretary, a State organic program's governing State official, or a certifying agent shall be subject to the provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code.

 

7.       Emergency pest or disease treatment (§205.672)

When a prohibited substance is applied to your certified operation due to a Federal or State emer­gency pest or disease treatment program and you otherwise meet the NOP requirements, the certifi­cation status of your operation shall not be affected as a result of the application of the prohibited sub­stance: Provided, that:

(a) Any harvested crop or plant part to be harvested that has contact with a prohibited substance can­not be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced; and

(b) Any livestock that are treated with a prohibited substance applied or product derived from such treated livestock cannot be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced: Except, That:

(1) Milk or milk products may be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced beginning 12 months following the last date that the dairy animal was treated with the prohibited substance; and

(2) The offspring of gestating mammalian breeder stock treated with a prohibited substance may be considered organic: Provided, that, the breeder stock was not in the last third of gestation on the date that the breeder stock was treated with the prohibited substance.
 

8.   Adverse Action Appeal Process (§ 205.680 + 205.681)

     If you feel adversely affected by a decision of the National Organic Program's Program Man­ager you may appeal such decision to the AMS Administrator.

     If you feel you are adversely affected by a non-compliance decision, certification denial, certifi­cate suspension or revocation by CERES you may appeal such decision to the AMS Adminis­trator.

     All written communications between parties involved in appeal proceedings must be sent to the recipient's place of business by a delivery service which provides dated return receipts.

     All appeals shall be reviewed, heard, and decided by persons not involved with the decision being appealed.

     If the AMS administrator sustains your appeal his final decision “overrules” CERES’ previous decision.

     If the AMS administrator denies your appeal a formal administrative proceeding will be initi­ated to deny, suspend, or revoke the certification

     Filing period: An appeal must be filed within the time period provided in the letter of notification or within 30 days from receipt of the notification, whichever occurs later. The appeal will be considered "filed" on the date received by the Administrator. A decision to deny, suspend, or revoke certification will become final and nonappealable unless the decision is appealed in a timely manner.

     Appeals to the Administrator must be filed in writing and addressed to


Administrator, USDA-AMS, Room 3071-S, P.O. Box 96456
Washington, DC 20090-6456.

All appeals must include a copy of the adverse decision and a statement of the appellant's reasons for believing that the decision was not proper or made in accordance with NOP regu­lations, policies, or procedures.

9.   Temporary variances

In cases of natural disasters, damage caused by drought, wind, flood, excessive moisture, hail, tor­nado, earthquake, or other business interruption, or in case of practices conducted for research, the Administrator for the Agricultural Marketing Service of the USDA may establish exemptions from re­quirements concerning soil fertility management, crop rotation, seeds, crop protection, livestock origin, feed, health care and living conditions, organic handling requirements, facility pest management, pre­vention of commingling. CERES will inform the respective operators as soon as the Administrator noti­fies us. No temporary variances are possible for prohibited substances and methods, like e.g. syn­thetic pesticides and fertilizers, sewage sludge, ionizing radiation, GMOs. (§ 205.290).

10.  Confidentiality

Please be informed, that CERES will handle confidentially all information obtained during the certifica­tion process. This is part of our certification contract.

To comply with § 205.504 (b) (5), CERES will publish the names of all NOP-certified operators on its homepage (www.ceres-cert.com). No further details will be published there. This website is also an important source of information for you, in case you want to make sure, that a CERES certificate sub­mitted by one of your organic suppliers, is still valid.

Besides, CERES has to inform the USDA annually about the certified operations.

!

Please be aware that this is only a selection of essential requirements of NOP, meant as an introduction. The operator, of course, has to learn about and meet all require­ments of the respective standard.





Standard Inspection Program  for NOP

All relevant aspects have been integrated into the general Standard Inspection Programs of CERES. Please shift to the respective area of operation in order to study the Standard Inspection Programs there:

     Crop Production

     Mixed and Parallel Production

     Animal Husbandry

     Wild Collection

     Beekeeping

     Producer Groups

    Processing

     Export

     Import




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